Approaches/Models for Service Delivery in Natural Environments
Service Delivery Models/ Approaches
In 2011 the National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center (NECTAC) updated a survey of states' Part C coordinators asking them to name currently endorsed models or models they were considering moving towards. Most frequently mention approaches state are exploring are hoping to implement included Primary Service Provider, Primary coaching approach, use of RBI and routine-based interventions, coaching strategies and Transdisciplinary team with primary provider or combinations of the above.
This table provides a comprehensive look at how states named their service delivery approach and the number of states using similar terminology.
Websites for the Most Frequently Mentioned Models/Approaches
Primary Coach Approach to Teaming or Primary Service Provider with Coaching: Dathan Rush, M'Lisa Shelden
The primary-coach approach is a team model in which one member is selected as the primary coach (to the family), and receives coaching support from other team members to strengthen parenting competence and confidence and promote child learning and development.
Early Intervention in Natural Environments- five component Model: Robin McWilliam
This model for providing services to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families has been known by a number of names: Routines-Based Early Intervention, as in the book published in 2010, Early Intervention in Natural Environments. The Five-Component Model, The McWilliam Model, EINE, FINESE, The Siskin Early Intervention Model. The five major components and practices are explained.
Home Visiting Practices for Infants and Toddlers 
(mpg: 32051kb) video (8:50) by Robin McWilliam
- T aCTICS Therapists as Collaborative Team members for Infant/Toddler Community Services
- FACETS Family-guided Approaches to Collaborative EI Training and services
- FGRBI Family Guided Routines Based Intervention
- FACTICS Facilitating Administrative Change Toward Infant/Toddler Community Services
All the above: Julianne Woods
TaCTICS, FACETS and FGRBI reinforce the values that families are the center point of intervention and, children learn functional skills through daily routine activities and interactions. The models support team collaboration, primary provider with cross agency integration, embedding interventions on functional outcomes within family routines and daily activities.
FACTICS offers training materials for supervisors and mentors to use with program staff to help bring about change.
Everyday Routines and Activities: Carl Dunst, Mary Beth Bruder
Dunst and Bruder organized ideas from social system and activity learning theory for conceptualizing a way of using everyday family and community opportunities, experiences and events to help young children with disabilities develop everyday knowledge and skills. Everyday Children's Learning Opportunities Institute provides a broad range of information on young children's everyday learning opportunities and natural learning environments.
Power of the Ordinary offers useful resources and ideas to maximize learning opportunities in community settings.
National Presentations on Service Delivery Approaches
Early Intervention Service Delivery Models 
(PPT: 874kb) - Pletcher and Younggren 12/2008
Service Delivery Approaches: Working with Families and Infants and Toddlers (NY) (PPT: 4905kb)
High Quality, Team-based Early Intervention Services for Infants and Toddlers (IA) (PPT: 9779kb) 3/2011
Other Resources on Implementation of Service Delivery Approaches
(DOC: 19kb) NECTAC TA Model for Long-term Systems Change 
(PDF: 788kb)